HPLC App Notes
Analysis of PFAS in Aqueous Samples with CHROMABOND® WAX according to EPA Method 533
In December 2019, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has published a method for the analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The method was developed to target “short chain” PFAS (none greater than C12), including perfluorinated acids, sulfonates, fluorotelemers, and poly/perfluorinated ether carboxylic acids. This “short chain” PFAS could not be analyzed using 537.1 due to physicochemical properties. 25 PFAS should be analyzed using a solid phase extraction (SPE) and a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method in drinking water. Method 533 requires SPE cartridge containing weak anion exchange, mixed-mode polymeric sorbent (polymeric backbone and a diamino ligand) and a particle size of approximately 33 µm. The SPE sorbent must have a pKa above 8 so that it remains positively charged during extraction. The use of 200 mg sor...
Arsenic Speciation on Hamilton PRP-X100
Organic arsenic compounds added to feed stocks of chicken and poultry pose serious environmental and ecological threats. National and worldwide health organizations, such as the United States Environmental Protective Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration, have recently implemented more stringent concentration limits for arsenic species in drinking water and foodstuffs.Analysis of arsenic species is made challenging due to diverse sample matrices. To circumvent these problems, an HPLC-ICPMS method has been developed. Resolution of arsenic compounds is achieved by ion exchange chromatography on a Hamilton PRP-X100 column, a 55% cross-linked polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer functionalized with quaternary ammonium anion-exchanger group. Detection is accomplished by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.
HPLC Separation of Cannabidiol and Melatonin on YMC-Triart C18
This application note serves as a proof-of-concept HPLC method for cannabidiol (CBD) and melatonin.At the request of a customer, YMC America, Inc. was asked to develop a quick and easy-to-run HPLC method for testing a mix of CBD and melatonin at a ratio of 5:1, respectively. The customer was interested in developing an over-the-counter (OTC) sleep aid that included both compounds as active ingredients and needed a simplified method for quantitative analysis.
Separation of Ibuprofen enantiomers on ChiralArt Cellulose SB column
Poisoned by Plastic: The Analysis of BPA and its Derivatives in Water Bottles
Identification of polymeric hardening agents has led to unforeseen effects on humanity. Plastic containers have minimal initial costs and can conform to any shape desired compared with other types of modalities. To help ensure the container can hold its shape as well as aid in corrosion protection from acid components, amphiphilic compounds are added. However, since chemicals are added to the polymer to tune the hardness, pliability, longevity, and any other plasticity metric, there is a possibility of leaching under the right conditions. These conditions include increased solvent temperature, lipophilic and amphiphilic samples, and extended exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
Spill the Tea, Catechins Identified with the Hamilton PRP-C18
Catechins found in tea (green, white, black), are best known for their antioxidant properties. Catechins have shown to exhibit antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus, E. Coli, and H. pylori in addition to preventing oxidative degradation. Due to these attributes, catechins have found utility in multiple arenas: commercial teas, food preservation, free radical scavenging and as disinfection agents. However, some quantification protocols call for HPLC run times over 20 minutes.In an effort to optimize the HPLC resolution after extraction of catechins from a commercial green tea bag, we have chosen a 10 mM (pH 2.5) sodium phosphate buffer for the aqueous mobile phase while utilizing acetonitrile as the organic eluent. The temperature of the separation was found to be optimized at 34°C for the best resolution and peak shape. All eight compounds were separated in under 12 minutes. T...
Analysis of Neonicotinoids in Honey by QuEChERS and UHPLC-MS/MS
Neonicotinoids are a relatively new class of insecticide that were introduced as an alternative to organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides. Their novel mode of action works by irreversibly binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, resulting in paralysis and death of insects. Since their introduction in the 1990s the neonicotinoids have been used extensively in crop protection. However, they have recently come under increasing scrutiny over their environmental and ecological impact, especially their role in bee deaths and colony collapse disorder (CCD).
Mitragynine is an indole-based alkaloid and the most abundant active alkaloid in the Southeast Asian evergreen tree Mitragyna Speciosa, commonly known as kratom. Kratom has been widely used in traditional medicine due to its opioid properties and stimulant-like effects[1]. Over 20 active alkaloids have been identified in kratom. There are currently no FDA-approved uses for kratom, and the agency has received concerning reports about the safety of kratom. Based on its action at the opioid receptors, kratom is often marketed as an alternative for pain relievers. In addition, some people take kratom to avoid the symptoms of opioid withdrawal and because kratom is easier to purchase than prescription drugs [2].
Determination of 11-nor-9-Carboxy-THC in Human Urine by QuEChERS and LC-MS/MS
11-nor-9-Carboxy-THC, also known as THCA or carboxy-THC, is the main secondary metabolite of THC (the active component of marijuana) formed in the human body [1]. THCA is excreted in urine in the form of glucuronide conjugates. THCA is not psychoactive but has a long half-life of up to several days or even weeks in very heavy users, thus determination of THCA in urine plays an important role in confirmation of marijuana consumption. Typical sample preparation methods for THCA in urine include liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE). This application utilizes a novel sample preparation technique, QuEChERS to effectively quantitate THCA levels in human urine.