Sample Preparation App Notes
Analysis of Neonicotinoids in Honey by QuEChERS and UHPLC-MS/MS
Neonicotinoids are a relatively new class of insecticide that were introduced as an alternative to organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides. Their novel mode of action works by irreversibly binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, resulting in paralysis and death of insects. Since their introduction in the 1990s the neonicotinoids have been used extensively in crop protection. However, they have recently come under increasing scrutiny over their environmental and ecological impact, especially their role in bee deaths and colony collapse disorder (CCD).
Mitragynine is an indole-based alkaloid and the most abundant active alkaloid in the Southeast Asian evergreen tree Mitragyna Speciosa, commonly known as kratom. Kratom has been widely used in traditional medicine due to its opioid properties and stimulant-like effects[1]. Over 20 active alkaloids have been identified in kratom. There are currently no FDA-approved uses for kratom, and the agency has received concerning reports about the safety of kratom. Based on its action at the opioid receptors, kratom is often marketed as an alternative for pain relievers. In addition, some people take kratom to avoid the symptoms of opioid withdrawal and because kratom is easier to purchase than prescription drugs [2].
Determination of 11-nor-9-Carboxy-THC in Human Urine by QuEChERS and LC-MS/MS
11-nor-9-Carboxy-THC, also known as THCA or carboxy-THC, is the main secondary metabolite of THC (the active component of marijuana) formed in the human body [1]. THCA is excreted in urine in the form of glucuronide conjugates. THCA is not psychoactive but has a long half-life of up to several days or even weeks in very heavy users, thus determination of THCA in urine plays an important role in confirmation of marijuana consumption. Typical sample preparation methods for THCA in urine include liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE). This application utilizes a novel sample preparation technique, QuEChERS to effectively quantitate THCA levels in human urine.
Analysis of PFAS in Aqueous Samples according to EPA Draft Method 1633
In September 2021, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has published a draft method for the analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The draft method is a single laboratory validated method to test for 40 PFAS compounds in a diverse range of environmental matrices including wastewater, surface water, groundwater, soil, biosolids, sediment, landfill leachate, and fish tissue.The guideline can be used in various applications, exemplarily for use in the Clean Water Act (CWA) or the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPES)Application benefitsSuccessful determination of 40 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from water samples according to EPA Draft Method 1633High recovery rates were achieved with a CHROMABOND® WAX SPE columnFast and sensitive HPLC analysis on a NUCLEODUR® PFAS column
Analysis of PFAS in Aqueous Samples with CHROMABOND® WAX according to EPA Method 533
In December 2019, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has published a method for the analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The method was developed to target “short chain” PFAS (none greater than C12), including perfluorinated acids, sulfonates, fluorotelemers, and poly/perfluorinated ether carboxylic acids. This “short chain” PFAS could not be analyzed using 537.1 due to physicochemical properties. 25 PFAS should be analyzed using a solid phase extraction (SPE) and a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method in drinking water. Method 533 requires SPE cartridge containing weak anion exchange, mixed-mode polymeric sorbent (polymeric backbone and a diamino ligand) and a particle size of approximately 33 µm. The SPE sorbent must have a pKa above 8 so that it remains positively charged during extraction. The use of 200 mg sor...
For the enrichment of acids from aqueous matrices anion exchange adsorbents are common. This also applies for the enrichment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) which are a group of >4700 persistent and bioaccumulative man-made compounds. Most PFAS contain either a sulfonic or carboxylic acid functionality. Due to their adverse health effects, some of them were already banned or are under investigation and therefore the development of optimized methods as well as the monitoring of these compounds is essential.CHROMABOND® WAX was specially developed for the enrichment of short-chain PFAS from water, soil and sediments. Its properties e.g. high ion exchange capacity and very low blank value levels make this polymeric anion exchanger ideal for use in many official methods e.g. EPA 533 and Draft 1633 as well as ISO 21675:2019.By using CHROMABOND® WAX you profit from: A SPE phas...