{"title":"15532-Antibody Name T","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"tnf-ri-mouse-mab-hm104","title":"TNF-RI, Mouse, mAb HM104","description":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe monoclonal antibody HM104 recognizes the extracellular part of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor type I (TNF-RI) of the membrane-bound as well as the soluble receptor. TNF-RI (~55-60 kDa) is present on most cell types and is considered to play a prominent role in cell stimulation by TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha activates inflammatory responses, induces apoptosis, regulates cellular proliferation, and may even promote cancer progression. The effects of TNF-alpha are mediated by TNF-RI and TNF-RII, which have both distinct and overlapping downstream signaling cascades. Induction of cytotoxicity and other functions are mediated largely via TNF-RI. TNF-RI is equally well activated by both the 17 kDa soluble and 26 kDa membrane-bound form, whereas TNF-RII is efficiently activated only by the membrane bound form of TNF-alpha. TNF-RI signaling is initiated when trimeric TNF-alpha binds TNF-RI receptors. Subsequent TNF-RI trimerization promotes the recruitment of a proximal signaling complex composed of TNF Receptor Associated protein with a Death Domain (TRADD), Receptor Interacting Protein (RIP), cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein 1 (cIAP1), TNF Receptor Associated Factor 2 (TRAF2), and likely TRAF5. Studies with TNF-RI-deficient mice indicate that TNF-RI mediates most of the proliferation, pro-inflammatory, and apoptosis-activating pathways.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApplications: Frozen sections, Flow Cytometry , Immunoassays , Immunoprecipitation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614117060899,"sku":"HYBHM1009100UG","price":893.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_d53b4499-a5a1-4198-abea-a56e15d4d4fc.png?v=1753030515"},{"product_id":"tnf-ri-mouse-mab-hm104-20-ug","title":"TNF-RI, Mouse, mAb HM104, 20 µg","description":" ","brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614117093667,"sku":"HYBHM100920UG","price":265.9,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_1ea4767f-8bd9-46e2-bd03-dec8a095da6e.png?v=1753030519"},{"product_id":"tnf-rii-mouse-mab-hm102","title":"TNF-RII, Mouse, mAb HM102","description":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe monoclonal antibody HM102 recognizes the extracellular part of membrane-bound TNF-RII as well as the soluble form of TNF-RII which is generated by proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular domain. The soluble form can still bind TNF-alpha with high affinity and functions as a TNF-alpha antagonist. TNF-alpha is an important signalling protein in the immune system which can activate inflammatory responses, induce apoptosis, regulate cellular proliferation, and may even promote cancer progression. TNF-alpha can bind to two structurally distinct membrane receptors, TNF-RI and TNFRII, which have both distinct and overlapping downstream signaling cascades. TNFRI is believed to be expressed on nearly all cell types, whereas TNFRII exhibits more restricted expression, being found on certain subpopulations of immune cells and several other cell types. A dominant role of TNFRII has been shown in thymocyte activation by TNF-alpha, whereas induction of cytotoxicity and other functions are mediated largely by TNF-RI. TNF-RI is equally well activated by both the 17 kDa soluble and 26 kDa membrane-bound form, whereas TNF-RII is activated only by the membrane bound form of TNF-alpha. The antibody is a agonistic receptor modulating antibody. 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TLRs are expressed by various cells of the immune system, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. TLRs are class I receptors, with a single α-helix that spans the cell membrane. They recognize and respond to molecules derived from bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria, peptidoglycan fragments from bacterial cell walls and single-stranded and double-stranded RNA from viruses.\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614118469923,"sku":"HYBHM1029100UG","price":561.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_e4fdbe1c-7ddf-40f0-b9c4-c5cbf5bb653f.png?v=1753030632"},{"product_id":"tlr4-md-2-mouse-mab-mts510-10-mg","title":"TLR4\/MD-2, Mouse, mAb MTS510, 10 mg","description":null,"brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614118502691,"sku":"HYBHM102910MG","price":14815.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_bd64e915-1cc2-4f2a-a1a2-5e056d69e1d3.png?v=1753030636"},{"product_id":"tlr4-md-2-mouse-mab-mts510-1-mg","title":"TLR4\/MD-2, Mouse, mAb MTS510, 1 mg","description":null,"brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614118535459,"sku":"HYBHM10291MG","price":2965.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_89050b37-fb87-4e5c-887f-71c7b937774c.png?v=1753030639"},{"product_id":"tlr4-md-2-mouse-mab-mts510","title":"TLR4\/MD-2, Mouse, mAb MTS510","description":" ","brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614118568227,"sku":"HYBHM102920UG","price":265.9,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_e4169ad7-e98e-44c2-a76b-724d233545c9.png?v=1753030642"},{"product_id":"tlr4-md-2-mouse-mab-mts510-500-ug","title":"TLR4\/MD-2, Mouse, mAb MTS510, 500 µg","description":null,"brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614118666531,"sku":"HYBHM1029500UG","price":2080.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_c990a445-c1d8-484f-98f5-797b55667660.png?v=1753030645"},{"product_id":"tlr4-md-2-mouse-mab-mts510-5-mg","title":"TLR4\/MD-2, Mouse, mAb MTS510, 5 mg","description":null,"brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614118699299,"sku":"HYBHM10295MG","price":11107.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_b724dc0b-f0ac-4bbb-856a-02f64c3048a3.png?v=1753030649"},{"product_id":"tlr9-mouse-mab-5g5","title":"TLR9, Mouse, mAb 5G5","description":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe monoclonal antibody 5G5 reacts with the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9, CD289). TLRs are highly conserved throughout evolution and have been implicated in the innate defence to many pathogens. In Drosophila, toll is required for the anti-fungal response, while the related 18-wheeler is involved in antibacterial defences. In mammals, TLRs identified as type I transmembrane signalling receptors with pattern recognition capabilities, have been implicated in the innate host defence to pathogens. As investigated so far all functional characterized TLR signal via the TLR\/IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) pathway where recruitment of MyD88 seems to be essential. In contrast to cell-wall components, bacterial DNA is probably invisible for immune cells until DNA is liberated during processes taking place in the endosomal\/lysosomal compartment where intracellular TLR9 recruits MyD88 to initiate signal transduction. Unmethylated CpG-dinucleotide-containing sequences are found much more frequently in bacterial genomes than in vertebrates genomes, whereas the frequency of CpG dinucleotides are suppressed and usually methylated. The regions adjacent to the CpG dinucleotides also affect the immunostimulatory activity. The optimal sequence differs significantly between mammalian species. Methylated CpG dinucleotides lack immunostimulatory activities. Cellular activation in response to bacterial DNA and synthetic dinucleotides containing unmethylated CpG-dinucleotides is mediated by TLR9. The monoclonal antibody 5G5 reacts with RAW macrophages and TLR9 transfected HEK293 cells, and it is cross reactive with canine TLR9.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApplications: Frozen sections, Flow Cytometry , Immunoassays , Paraffin sections , Western Blot\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614121255203,"sku":"HYBHM1042100UG","price":726.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_77a390a0-157d-4ca8-be90-8936c2b249d5.png?v=1753030633"},{"product_id":"tlr9-mouse-mab-5g5-20-ug","title":"TLR9, Mouse, mAb 5G5, 20 µg","description":" ","brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614121287971,"sku":"HYBHM104220UG","price":265.9,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_e3597cf5-a146-4374-840e-392d70d67f86.png?v=1753030636"},{"product_id":"tlr2-mouse-mab-6c2","title":"TLR2, Mouse, mAb 6C2","description":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMonoclonal antibody 6C2 reacts with mouse Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2, CD282). Toll-like receptors (TLR) are highly conserved throughout evolution and have been implicated in the innate defense to many pathogens. In Drosophila toll is required for the anti-fungal response, while the related 18-wheeler is involved in antibacterial defenses. In mammals, TLR identified as type I transmembrane signaling receptors with pattern recognition capabilities, have been implicated in the innate host defense to pathogens. TLR2 has been identified as a receptor that is central to the innate immune response to lipoproteins of gram-negative bacteria, several whole gram-positive bacteria, as well as a receptor for peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid and other bacterial cell membrane products. A functional interaction between TLR2 and TLR6 in the cellular response to various bacterial products has been discovered. The currently accepted paradigm regards TLR2 as an essential receptor for many eubacterial cell wall components, including lipoproteins and peptidoglycan. Bacterial species as diverse as mycobacteria, spirochetes, mycoplasma, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae have all been shown to mediate cellular activation via TLR2.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApplications: Flow Cytometry , Immunofluorescence , Immunoprecipitation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614121746723,"sku":"HYBHM1047100UG","price":645.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_fb82ec0e-35c3-46f1-b7d7-dd76062a9978.png?v=1753030664"},{"product_id":"tlr2-mouse-mab-6c2-20-ug","title":"TLR2, Mouse, mAb 6C2, 20 µg","description":" ","brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614121943331,"sku":"HYBHM104720UG","price":265.9,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_28912a91-4381-41c7-abca-d63ff860474c.png?v=1753030668"},{"product_id":"tlr2-mouse-mab-t2-5-100-mg","title":"TLR2, Mouse, mAb T2.5, 100 mg","description":null,"brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614122828067,"sku":"HYBHM1054100MG","price":73973.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_d34488d3-16a2-4e16-a780-e84627eb94ee.png?v=1753030699"},{"product_id":"tlr2-mouse-mab-t2-5","title":"TLR2, Mouse, mAb T2.5","description":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe monoclonal antibody T2.5 recognizes human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). 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It is suggested that TLR2 is able to recognize such a wide variety of PAMPs (pathogen-specific molecular patterns) by forming heterodimers with other TLRs like e.g. TLR6. TLR2 is essential for recognizing lipopeptides and lipoproteins from several microorganisms and also peptidoglycans derived from gram-positive bacteria. Bacterial species as diverse as mycobacteria, spirochetes, mycoplasma, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae have all been shown to mediate cellular activation via TLR2.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApplications: Frozen sections, Flow Cytometry , Functional Studies , Immunoassays , Immunofluorescence , Immunoprecipitation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614122860835,"sku":"HYBHM1054100UG","price":893.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_653feca7-54a4-479b-af5a-b69cc72d9d34.png?v=1753030702"},{"product_id":"tlr2-mouse-mab-t2-5-10mg","title":"TLR2, Mouse, mAb T2.5, 10MG","description":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe monoclonal antibody T2.5 recognizes human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). 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It is suggested that TLR2 is able to recognize such a wide variety of PAMPs (pathogen-specific molecular patterns) by forming heterodimers with other TLRs like e.g. TLR6. TLR2 is essential for recognizing lipopeptides and lipoproteins from several microorganisms and also peptidoglycans derived from gram-positive bacteria. 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Toll-like receptors (TLR) are highly conserved throughout evolution and have been implicated in the innate defense to many pathogens. At present, ligands for several of the TLR's, such as TLR2-6,9, have been identified, confirming their role in first line defense against invading microorganism. In mammals, TLRs are identified as type I transmembrane signaling receptors with an extracellular portion containing leucine-rich repeats with pattern recognition capabilities. Pathogen recognition by TLRs provokes rapid activation of innate immunity by inducing proliferation of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of costimulatory molecules and eventually toinitiation of adaptive immunity. TLR2 has been identified as a receptor that is central to the innate immune response to lipoproteins of Gram-negative bacteria, several whole Gram-positive bacteria, as well as a receptor for peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid and other bacterial cell membrane products. 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Bacterial species as diverse as mycobacteria, spirochetes, mycoplasma, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae have all been shown to mediate cellular activation via TLR2.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApplications: Frozen sections, Flow Cytometry , Functional Studies , Immunoassays , Immunofluorescence , Immunoprecipitation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614123483427,"sku":"HYBHM10545MG","price":11107.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_c0c77ca9-0fae-4cb8-a2ae-15942d77d9d8.png?v=1753030722"},{"product_id":"tlr2-mouse-mab-t2-5-fitc","title":"TLR2, Mouse, mAb T2.5, FITC","description":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe monoclonal antibody T2.5 recognizes mouse Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Toll-like receptors (TLR) are highly conserved throughout evolution and have been implicated in the innate defense to many pathogens. At present, ligands for several of the TLR's, such as TLR2-6,9, have been identified, confirming their role in first line defense against invading microorganism. In mammals, TLRs are identified as type I transmembrane signaling receptors with an extracellular portion containing leucine-rich repeats with pattern recognition capabilities. Pathogen recognition by TLRs provokes rapid activation of innate immunity by inducing proliferation of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of costimulatory molecules and eventually toinitiation of adaptive immunity. TLR2 has been identified as a receptor that is central to the innate immune response to lipoproteins of Gram-negative bacteria, several whole Gram-positive bacteria, as well as a receptor for peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid and other bacterial cell membrane products. It is suggested that TLR2 is able to recognize such a wide variety of PAMPs (pathogen-specific molecular patterns) by forming heterodimers with other TLRs like e.g. TLR6.. TLR2 is essential for recognizing lipopeptides and lipoproteins from several microorganisms and also peptidoglycans derived from gram-positive bacteria. Bacterial species as diverse as mycobacteria, spirochetes, mycoplasma, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae have all been shown to mediate cellular activation via TLR2.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApplications: Frozen sections, Flow Cytometry , Functional Studies , Immunoassays , Immunofluorescence , Immunoprecipitation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614123516195,"sku":"HYBHM1054F100UG","price":1012.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_cd61e28d-a0e8-4fb8-a82e-e50ddda4a184.png?v=1753030726"},{"product_id":"tlr2-mouse-mab-t2-5-fitc-20-ug","title":"TLR2, Mouse, mAb T2.5, FITC, 20 µg","description":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe monoclonal antibody T2.5 recognizes mouse Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Toll-like receptors (TLR) are highly conserved throughout evolution and have been implicated in the innate defense to many pathogens. At present, ligands for several of the TLR's, such as TLR2-6,9, have been identified, confirming their role in first line defense against invading microorganism. In mammals, TLRs are identified as type I transmembrane signaling receptors with an extracellular portion containing leucine-rich repeats with pattern recognition capabilities. Pathogen recognition by TLRs provokes rapid activation of innate immunity by inducing proliferation of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of costimulatory molecules and eventually toinitiation of adaptive immunity. TLR2 has been identified as a receptor that is central to the innate immune response to lipoproteins of Gram-negative bacteria, several whole Gram-positive bacteria, as well as a receptor for peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid and other bacterial cell membrane products. It is suggested that TLR2 is able to recognize such a wide variety of PAMPs (pathogen-specific molecular patterns) by forming heterodimers with other TLRs like e.g. TLR6.. TLR2 is essential for recognizing lipopeptides and lipoproteins from several microorganisms and also peptidoglycans derived from gram-positive bacteria. Bacterial species as diverse as mycobacteria, spirochetes, mycoplasma, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae have all been shown to mediate cellular activation via TLR2.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApplications: Frozen sections, Flow Cytometry , Functional Studies , Immunoassays , Immunofluorescence , Immunoprecipitation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614123548963,"sku":"HYBHM1054F20UG","price":265.9,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_e6475fda-9140-44f0-8d7e-14ab315fab4e.png?v=1753030729"},{"product_id":"tlr2-mouse-mab-mt2-7","title":"TLR2, Mouse, mAb mT2.7","description":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMonoclonal antibody mT2.7 reacts with mouse Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2, CD282). Toll-like receptors (TLR) are highly conserved throughout evolution and have been implicated in the innate defense to many pathogens. In Drosophila toll is required for the anti-fungal response, while the related 18-wheeler is involved in antibacterial defenses. In mammals, TLR identified as type I transmembrane signaling receptors with pattern recognition capabilities, have been implicated in the innate host defense to pathogens. TLR2 has been identified as a receptor that is central to the innate immune response to lipoproteins of Gram-negative bacteria, several whole Gram-positive bacteria, as well as a receptor for peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid and other bacterial cell membrane products. A functional interaction between TLR2 and TLR6 in the cellular response to various bacterial products has been discovered. The currently accepted paradigm regards TLR2 as an essential receptor for many eubacterial cell wall components, including lipoproteins and peptidoglycan. Bacterial species as diverse as mycobacteria, spirochetes, mycoplasma, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae have all been shown to mediate cellular activation via TLR2. The monoclonal antibody mT2.7 stained overexpressed, as well as endogenous cell surface- and intracellular TLR2. The antibody does not affect cell activation through TLR2.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApplications: Frozen sections, Flow Cytometry , Immunoprecipitation , Paraffin Sections\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614123712803,"sku":"HYBHM1058100UG","price":645.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_773c1472-000d-4cf0-b628-0a8452df5ac1.png?v=1753030742"},{"product_id":"tlr2-mouse-mab-mt2-7-20-ug","title":"TLR2, Mouse, mAb mT2.7, 20 µg","description":" ","brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614123745571,"sku":"HYBHM105820UG","price":265.9,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_3d60bfd1-25c5-4a08-b7bf-52ed86725884.png?v=1753030745"},{"product_id":"tlr2-mouse-mab-mt2-4","title":"TLR2, Mouse, mAb mT2.4","description":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMonoclonal antibody mT2.4 reacts with mouse Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2, CD282). Toll-like receptors (TLR) are highly conserved throughout evolution and have been implicated in the innate defense to many pathogens. In Drosophila toll is required for the anti-fungal response, while the related 18-wheeler is involved in antibacterial defenses. In mammals, TLR identified as type I transmembrane signaling receptors with pattern recognition capabilities, have been implicated in the innate host defense to pathogens. TLR2 has been identified as a receptor that is central to the innate immune response to lipoproteins of Gram-negative bacteria, several whole Gram-positive bacteria, as well as a receptor for peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid and other bacterial cell membrane products. A functional interaction between TLR2 and TLR6 in the cellular response to various bacterial products has been discovered. The currently accepted paradigm regards TLR2 as an essential receptor for many eubacterial cell wall components, including lipoproteins and peptidoglycan. Bacterial species as diverse as mycobacteria, spirochetes, mycoplasma, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae have all been shown to mediate cellular activation via TLR2. The monoclonal antibody mT2.4 inhibits murine TLR2-mediated cell activation. It masks the lipopeptide binding site in the recombinant extracellular domain of TLR2 (TLR2ECD) and does not hinder the receptor complex formation. The antibody reacts with the native TLR2 protein and not with denatured TLR2 protein . Furthermore the antibody stains overexpressed, as well as endogenous cell surface- and intracellular mouse TLR2.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApplications: Frozen sections, Flow Cytometry , Functional Studies , Immunoassays , Paraffin Sections\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614127218979,"sku":"HYBHM1092100UG","price":645.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_48a3c3cf-b34e-4c3e-b383-4619cb080ba0.png?v=1753030874"},{"product_id":"tlr2-mouse-mab-mt2-4-20-ug","title":"TLR2, Mouse, mAb mT2.4, 20 µg","description":" ","brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614127251747,"sku":"HYBHM109220UG","price":265.9,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_bc1dbbb0-0c8e-4db6-b585-8e9d5ba423c9.png?v=1753030877"},{"product_id":"tnf-ri-mouse-mab-55r-170","title":"TNF-RI, Mouse, mAb 55R-170","description":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe monoclonal antibody 55R-170 recognizes the extracellular part of mouse Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor superfamily member 1A (TNF-RI), also known as CD120a or p55. TNF-RI belongs to the large TNF receptor family, among which TNF-RII (TNF-R p75-80), lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTbetaR) and the Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM). Ligands for these receptors belong to the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) superfamily of cytokines, which activate signaling pathways for cell survival, death, and differentiation that orchestrate the development, organization and homeostasis of lymphoid, mammary, neuronal and ectodermal tissues. TNF-RI contains a characteristic structural cassette termed death domain in its sequence that is conserved within a distinct subset of other TNF-R family members, such as CD95, DR3, DR4, and DR5. This death domain, was characterized as being essential for induction of apoptosis in vitro and has been structurally conserved within these TNF-R superfamily members. Deletion of the death domain of the TNF-RI results in a non-functional receptor, indicating that the death domain is required for the signal transduction of the physiological functions of TNF-RI in vivo. TNF-RI is a 55 kD type I transmembrane protein and is expressed on a variety of cell types at low levels. It is considered to play a prominent role in cell stimulation by TNF-alpha. Induction of cytotoxicity and other functions are mediated largely via TNF-RI. TNF-RI is present as soluble form in body fluids (for instance plasma and CSF). This extracellular TNF-RI is generated by two mechanisms, namely proteolytic cleavage of TNF-RI ectodomains and release of full-length TNF-RI in the membranes of exosome-like vesicles. TNF-RI and TNF-RII both interact with the homomeric forms of LTbeta or TNF. However, TNF-RI functions as the high affinity receptor for soluble TNF (sTNF). TNF-RI has been shown to be involved in a wide variety of inflammatory diseases, among which neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease), multiple sclerosis, asthma, atherosclerosis, rheumatology. The monoclonal antibody 55R-170 also recognizes the soluble receptor..\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApplications: Flow Cytometry , Functional Studies , Immunoassays , Immunoprecipitation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614127874339,"sku":"HYBHM1097100UG","price":726.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_f27f06a8-625b-4ae5-9347-0f618726db1d.png?v=1753030882"},{"product_id":"tnf-ri-mouse-mab-55r-170-10-mg","title":"TNF-RI, Mouse, mAb 55R-170, 10 mg","description":null,"brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614127907107,"sku":"HYBHM109710MG","price":14815.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_ed246bbe-f8a9-4ed3-b3b1-ca0c20fb990a.png?v=1753030886"},{"product_id":"tnf-ri-mouse-mab-55r-170-1-mg","title":"TNF-RI, Mouse, mAb 55R-170, 1 mg","description":null,"brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614127939875,"sku":"HYBHM10971MG","price":2965.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_c470104d-2864-4ccc-bd22-9f26f0b22021.png?v=1753030889"},{"product_id":"tnf-ri-mouse-mab-55r-170-20-ug","title":"TNF-RI, Mouse, mAb 55R-170, 20 µg","description":" ","brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614127972643,"sku":"HYBHM109720UG","price":265.9,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_06e58de6-a284-4ae3-90f8-845340dd02a8.png?v=1753030893"},{"product_id":"tnf-ri-mouse-mab-55r-170-500-ug","title":"TNF-RI, Mouse, mAb 55R-170, 500 µg","description":null,"brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614128005411,"sku":"HYBHM1097500UG","price":2080.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_19fa7ede-683b-4ba0-bdda-7d9815853dd2.png?v=1753030896"},{"product_id":"tnf-ri-mouse-mab-55r-170-5-mg","title":"TNF-RI, Mouse, mAb 55R-170, 5 mg","description":null,"brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614128038179,"sku":"HYBHM10975MG","price":11107.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_1d7df20c-45fc-4366-87d2-a99cd4b20424.png?v=1753030899"},{"product_id":"trem-1-mouse-mab-l5-b8","title":"TREM-1, Mouse, mAb L5-B8","description":"\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe monoclonal antibody L5-B8 recognizes-mouse triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1). 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Platelets express a natural ligand for TREM-1.\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614128136483,"sku":"HYBHM1098100UG","price":726.0,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_0e45b803-edad-463a-9ad6-4ea411e04b2c.png?v=1753030906"},{"product_id":"trem-1-mouse-mab-l5-b8-20-ug","title":"TREM-1, Mouse, mAb L5-B8, 20 µg","description":" ","brand":"Hycult Biotech","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53614128169251,"sku":"HYBHM109820UG","price":265.9,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0926\/3870\/8003\/files\/Hycult_20800x800_20100dpi_34863981-18a4-4861-8395-034fbe3e55b4.png?v=1753030909"},{"product_id":"trem-2-mouse-mab-6e9","title":"TREM-2, Mouse, mAb 6E9","description":"\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe monoclonal antibody 6E9 recognizes mouse membrane-bound as well as soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM-2). TREM-2 is a 26 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that consists of a single extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain, a transmembrane region with a charged lysine residue and a short cytoplasmic tail. It associates with DNAX-activation protein 12 (DAP12) for signaling and function. TREM-2 is expressed on immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells. After activation by microbial products or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF-related proteins, dendritic cells downregulate the expression of TREM-2. TREM-2 is also expressed by osteoclasts and microglia, where it is involved in bone modeling and brain function, respectively. Another role of TREM-2 might be promoting the removal of apoptotic cells, organic matrix and macromolecules by microglia. Defects in TREM-2 are a cause of polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (PLOSL), also called presenile dementia with bone cysts or Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD). 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TREM-2 is a 26 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that consists of a single extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain, a transmembrane region with a charged lysine residue and a short cytoplasmic tail. It associates with DNAX-activation protein 12 (DAP12) for signaling and function. TREM-2 is expressed on immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells. After activation by microbial products or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF-related proteins, dendritic cells downregulate the expression of TREM-2. TREM-2 is also expressed by osteoclasts and microglia, where it is involved in bone modeling and brain function, respectively. Another role of TREM-2 might be promoting the removal of apoptotic cells, organic matrix and macromolecules by microglia. Defects in TREM-2 are a cause of polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (PLOSL), also called presenile dementia with bone cysts or Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD). 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